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Given here is a report on the state of our knowledge of the Earth's upper atmosphere, particularly the stratosphere, and the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program.
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This report presents results of a previously unreported investigation of atmospheric attenuation in the ultraviolet region carried out in the spring of 1962 at the Chesapeake Bay Division of NRL. Measurements were made over a path...
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This report presents results of a previously unreported investigation of atmospheric attenuation in the ultraviolet region carried out in the spring of 1962 at the Chesapeake Bay Division of NRL. Measurements were made over a path 1/2 mile long in the spectral region 0.25 micrometers to 0.535 micrometers. The extinction measurements showed the ozone concentrations to be between 0.026 and 0.04 ppm. several observations showed the presence of pollutant gases which were assumed to be a mixture of SO sub 2 and NO sub 2. The presence of NO sub 2 seems to be necessary to account for the observed extinctions below 0.30 micrometers.
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To clarify the photochemical smog formation mechanisms under conditions of complex flow, the SAI Urban Airshed Model was evaluated using a 1981 field observed data base. In the Tokyo Metropolitan Area higher O3 concentrations are ...
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To clarify the photochemical smog formation mechanisms under conditions of complex flow, the SAI Urban Airshed Model was evaluated using a 1981 field observed data base. In the Tokyo Metropolitan Area higher O3 concentrations are usually observed near the shore in the morning. As the sea breeze layer penetrates inland, this high concentration region travels with it, increasing in concentration with time. A nighttime radiation inversion which persists into the early morning prevents the dispersion of primary pollutants emitted from the big coastal industrial zones and the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. The effect is believed to accelerate the formation of secondary pollutants during the next day. The quantitative role and weight of the previous day's secondary pollutants, newly emitted pollutants, temporal variation of mixing height and three-dimensional wind field for the O3 formation mechanisms were investigated. The three-dimensional simulated results showed good quantitative agreement with the observed field data but underestimated the aircraft data.
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Progress in the monitoring of various pollutants, development of analytical methods for monitoring pollution effectively, and the study of the underlying physical and chemical processes governing the behavior of pollutants in the ...
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Progress in the monitoring of various pollutants, development of analytical methods for monitoring pollution effectively, and the study of the underlying physical and chemical processes governing the behavior of pollutants in the atmosphere is reported. Modeling of the wind field, momentum and energy transfer by eddy diffusion, and evaluation of diffusion models are among the topics addressed.
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MAP/GLOBUS 1983 was a project for the study of stratospheric trace gases and dynamics. A respective field campaign was performed in September/October 1983 in Western Europe. A large number of measurements were taken by instruments...
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MAP/GLOBUS 1983 was a project for the study of stratospheric trace gases and dynamics. A respective field campaign was performed in September/October 1983 in Western Europe. A large number of measurements were taken by instruments based on the ground, on airplane, balloons, and satellite. The structure of the campaign is described, and a survey of the results are given.
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An archive for micrometerological and tracer dispersion data has been developed by Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The archive is designed to make the results of extensive fie...
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An archive for micrometerological and tracer dispersion data has been developed by Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The archive is designed to make the results of extensive field tests readily accessible to EPA for model testing, development, and verification efforts. The report provides documentation for one volume of data sets, the Hanford 67-Series Atmospheric Dispersion Experiments. The entries in the documentation report are as follows: data set fact summary, narrative description of experiment and data, special information, references, description of archive data files, contacts (names, addresses, and phone numbers) and standard experiment summary table.
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A method is developed for generating ensembles of wind fields for use in regional scale (1000 km) models of transport and diffusion. The underlying objective is a methodology for representing atmospheric motion in applied air poll...
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A method is developed for generating ensembles of wind fields for use in regional scale (1000 km) models of transport and diffusion. The underlying objective is a methodology for representing atmospheric motion in applied air pollution models that permits explicit treatment of the uncertainty inherent in the specification of atmospheric states. The nature of this uncertainty is illustrated by showing that a set of discrete meteorological observations made at a given moment in time and the diagnostic equations of fluid motion together define a manifold in function space each point of which is a possible description of the state of the atmosphere at the moment the observations were made. It is argued that hypotheses can be adduced regarding the liklihood that individual points on the manifold describe the atmospheric state at the time of the observations; but that contrary to common practice adequate information does not exist to allow one to state with certainty that a specific function is the correct description. The paper shows that dynamic programming is ideally suited to finding these sequences which constitute the desired ensemble of wind specifications in space and time.
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The Acid Deposition Planning Staff in the Office of Acid Deposition/EPA requested that the Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory undertake the development of a low-computational-demanding model suitable for educational use in u...
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The Acid Deposition Planning Staff in the Office of Acid Deposition/EPA requested that the Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory undertake the development of a low-computational-demanding model suitable for educational use in understanding the linear or non-linear nature of the acid deposition process and that could assist in constructing a 'what if' analysis for a particular situation. In response, ASRL held a workshop, attended by EPA and non-EPA scientists, to discuss the design of such a model. In addition, a five-person working committee of non-EPA scientists was established to write a statement of work for the construction of such a model. The report summarizes the planning activities that occurred before the workshop, the two days of discussion held at the workshop, the three days of working committee meetings after the workshop, and includes the resulting Statement of Work for the creation of a Comprehensive Chemistry Acid Deposition Model (CCADM).
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